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how to make working model for teaching mensuration formulas

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Creating a working model for teaching mensuration formulas can be a highly effective Teaching Learning Material (TLM). Here are some ideas and instructions on how to make a comprehensive, interactive model that helps students understand and apply various mensuration formulas:

Materials Needed

  • Cardboard
  • Scissors
  • Glue
  • Markers
  • Ruler
  • Protractor
  • String
  • Compass
  • Transparent plastic sheet (optional)
  • Small whiteboard or cardboard for writing formulas
  • Colored paper or felt

Step-by-Step Video Instructions

2D Shapes Model

  1. Square:
    • Cut out a square from cardboard.
    • Write the formulas for the area (A = side²) and perimeter (P = 4 × side) on a small piece of paper or cardboard.
    • Attach the formulas to the square.
  2. Rectangle:
    • Cut out a rectangle from cardboard.
    • Write the formulas for the area (A = length × breadth) and perimeter (P = 2 × (length + breadth)).
  3. Triangle:
    • Cut out a triangle from cardboard.
    • Write the formulas for the area (A = ½ × base × height) and perimeter (P = a + b + c), and Heron’s formula (A = √[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)], where s = (a+b+c)/2).
  4. Circle:
    • Cut out a circle from cardboard using a compass.
    • Write the formulas for the area (A = πr²) and circumference (C = 2πr).

3D Shapes Model

  1. Cube:
    • Construct a cube using cardboard.
    • Write the formulas for the surface area (SA = 6a²) and volume (V = a³).
  2. Cuboid:
    • Construct a cuboid using cardboard.
    • Write the formulas for the surface area (SA = 2(lb + bh + hl)) and volume (V = lbh).
  3. Cylinder:
    • Construct a cylinder using cardboard for the curved surface and circles for the bases.
    • Write the formulas for the surface area (SA = 2πr(h + r)) and volume (V = πr²h).
  4. Cone:
    • Construct a cone using cardboard for the curved surface and a circle for the base.
    • Write the formulas for the surface area (SA = πr(r + l), where l is the slant height) and volume (V = ⅓πr²h).
  5. Sphere:
    • Use a Styrofoam ball or construct a sphere from cardboard.
    • Write the formulas for the surface area (SA = 4πr²) and volume (V = ⅘πr³).
  6. Pyramid:
    • Construct a pyramid using cardboard.
    • Write the formulas for the surface area (SA = B + ½Pl, where B is the base area, P is the perimeter of the base, and l is the slant height) and volume (V = ⅓Bh, where B is the base area and h is the height).

Assembly and Presentation

  1. Base Board: Use a large cardboard sheet as the base.
    • Attach each shape with its corresponding formulas on the base board.
    • Arrange 2D shapes on one side and 3D shapes on the other for better organization.
  2. Interactive Elements:
    • Use Velcro or magnets to make shapes detachable so students can handle and explore them.
    • Add flaps or sliders to cover and reveal formulas for an interactive quiz feature.
  3. Formula Display:
    • Use a small whiteboard or a piece of cardboard to write and explain the formulas.
    • Attach this to the base board for easy reference.
  4. Color Coding:
    • Use different colors for different shapes to make the model visually appealing and easier to understand.
    • Color-code the formulas to match the shapes.

By creating these interactive and visually engaging models, you can make learning mensuration concepts more accessible and enjoyable for students.

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