An electric current circuit working model demonstrates how electricity flows through a closed loop, powering devices like lights or buzzers. It also shows the difference between an open circuit (no flow of electricity) and a closed circuit (electricity flows).
Key Components:
- Cell:
- A single unit that generates electrical energy through chemical reactions. It has two terminals: positive (+) and negative (-).
- Battery:
- A combination of two or more cells connected together. Provides the energy source for the circuit.
- Connector (Wires):
- Conductive wires that allow the flow of electric current between the components.
- Switch:
- A device used to control the circuit. It can open or close the circuit, stopping or allowing the flow of current.
- Light (LED or Bulb):
- Represents an electrical load. It glows when electricity flows through it.
- Buzzer:
- Converts electrical energy into sound energy when the circuit is complete.
Open Circuit:
- In an open circuit, the electrical path is incomplete or broken, preventing the flow of electricity.
- Example:
- The switch is open, or a wire is disconnected.
- The bulb or LED does not light up, and the buzzer does not produce any sound.
Closed Circuit:
- In a closed circuit, all the components are connected in a complete loop, allowing electricity to flow from the battery through the wires and back.
- Example:
- The switch is closed, completing the circuit.
- The bulb glows, and the buzzer makes a sound, indicating the flow of electricity.
How the Model Works:
- Setup:
- Connect the positive terminal of the battery to one terminal of the switch using a wire.
- Connect the other terminal of the switch to the light or buzzer.
- Complete the circuit by connecting the negative terminal of the battery to the other side of the light or buzzer.
- Operation:
- When the switch is closed, the circuit becomes complete (closed circuit), allowing current to flow through the wires and power the connected devices.
- When the switch is open, the circuit breaks (open circuit), stopping the flow of electricity.
Demonstration:
Open Circuit:
- Show that when the switch is in the open position, the bulb does not light up, and the buzzer does not sound. This represents a break in the circuit.
- Closed Circuit:
- Flip the switch to the closed position. The bulb lights up, and the buzzer sounds, demonstrating the flow of electricity in a complete loop