Air pollution is one of the most dangerous environmental problems in the modern world. Smoke from factories, vehicles, apartments, and houses fills the air with harmful particles and gases like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and fine dust. This reduces air quality, harms human health, damages crops, and contributes to global warming.
In this project, we design a working model of an air pollution control system using:
- Two fans to pull in polluted air,
- Carbon rods to purify the air,
- A pipe system to release purified air at the top,
- A miniature city setup with factories, houses, apartments, and vehicles to show the sources of pollution.
This model is ideal for science exhibitions because it combines creativity, real-life problems, and an engineering solution.
Objective
The main goals of this project are:
- To show major sources of air pollution (factories, vehicles, houses, apartments).
- To demonstrate how polluted air can be pulled in using fans.
- To use carbon rods as a filtration system.
- To release purified air through a pipe at the top.
- To raise awareness about the importance of controlling air pollution.
Materials Required
- Cardboard / thermocol sheet (for base).
- Cardboard boxes or plastic models (for factories, apartments, and houses).
- Toy cars, buses, and bikes (for vehicles).
- 2 small DC motor fans or computer fans (for pulling polluted air).
- Carbon rods (can be taken from used dry cells or bought from electronics stores).
- Plastic or PVC pipe (for purified air outlet).
- 12V batteries and battery connectors.
- On/Off switch.
- Wires and tape for connections.
- Glue, scissors, paint, and markers for finishing.
- Cotton or black paper (to simulate smoke).
Video Step-by-Step Construction
1. Base Design
- Take a large cardboard sheet as the platform.
- Divide it into different zones:
- Factory area with chimneys,
- Apartment and house area,
- Road with vehicles,
- Air purification unit with fans, carbon rods, and pipe.
2. Pollution Sources
- Create a factory model using a cardboard box. Fix a chimney on top and use cotton painted black to simulate smoke.
- Make apartments and houses using smaller cardboard boxes. Add paper rolls as domestic chimneys.
- Use toy cars and bikes on a road strip (made from black chart paper) to show vehicle emissions.
3. Air Suction System
- Fix two small fans at the bottom, near the pollution sources.
- These fans will pull polluted air from the environment.
- Connect them to a12V battery and switch for easy operation.
4. Filtration System (Carbon Rods )
- Behind the fans, fix a chamber box to act as the air purifier.
- Inside the chamber:
- Place carbon rods vertically or horizontally to act as absorbers of gases and fine particles.
- Seal the chamber so that all incoming air must pass through these purification materials.
5. Purified Air Outlet
- Fix a pipe (PVC or plastic) at the top of the chamber.
- This pipe will carry purified air upward and release it at the outlet.
- For a better exhibition effect, place cotton clouds or small trees near the outlet to show clean air.
6. Decoration & Labels
- Paint the base and structures to make them realistic.
- Label each part: Factory, Vehicles, Houses, Fans, Carbon Rod Filter, Thermal Layer, Purified Air Outlet.
- Add small toy trees on the sides to symbolize environmental balance.