how to make working model of a thermal power plant

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This project demonstrates the working of a thermal power plant, showcasing how thermal energy is converted into electrical energy through a step-by-step process involving a boiler, turbine, generator, and transmission lines.

The model is made using cardboard, plastic bottles, chopsticks, a DC motor, fan blades, and an LED to replicate real-world thermal power stations.

In the model:

  • A boiler is simulated using a bottle where “coal” (colored cotton) is used as a heat source.
  • The generated steam (simulated using a pipe) turns a turbine connected to a small DC motor.
  • The motor spins and lights up an LED, representing the generation of electricity.
  • Additional elements like cooling towers and transmission lines are shown for better understanding.

This hands-on model helps explain the principle:
Chemical Energy (Coal) → Thermal Energy → Mechanical Energy → Electrical Energy

To demonstrate how thermal energy (from coal or other fuels) is converted into electrical energy using the working principles of a thermal power plant.

Materials Required:

  • Cardboard (base & structure)
  • Transparent plastic bottle or balloon (for boiler)
  • Metal straw/straws (steam pipe)
  • Small DC motor with fan blades (turbine)
  • LEDs or small bulb (to show electricity output)
  • Wires and battery (power circuit)
  • Cotton or sponge (to show steam/fuel chamber)
  • Paints, glue, and labels

How It Works (Process Flow):

  1. Boiler Simulation
    • Use a plastic bottle or balloon to represent the boiler.
    • Inside the boiler (simulated), heat source (cotton/dry sponge colored red/orange) symbolizes coal burning.
  2. Steam Generation
    • Use a straw from the boiler leading to the turbine to represent steam flow.
  3. Turbine Movement
    • Connect a small DC motor with fan blades – when battery-powered (or steam simulation), it spins the turbine.
  4. Electricity Output
    • The spinning motor lights up an LED bulb showing electricity generation.
  5. Cooling Tower (Optional)
    • Use a paper cone or cardboard tube to simulate the cooling tower with cotton for steam cloud.
  6. Transmission Lines (Optional)
    • Show power reaching houses using wires or thread leading to a model home or bulb.

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