Learn how to make a thermal power plant working model that demonstrates the complete process of electricity generation and distribution using thermal energy.
In this DIY science model, we simulate the journey from burning coal in a boiler to lighting up homes via turbines, generators, transmission lines, and distribution units. This is a great hands-on project for school science exhibitions and the INSPIRE Awards.
Materials Required:
| Generation Section (Power Plant) | Transmission & Distribution Section |
|---|---|
| Cardboard (base & structures) | Wires (as transmission lines) |
| Small plastic bottle (boiler) | Paper poles or straws (electric poles) |
| Red/orange cotton or LEDs (coal/fire) | Mini cardboard house or model city |
| Straw/pipe (steam outlet) | Small bulbs/LEDs (in houses) |
| DC motor with fan blades (turbine) | Battery (optional for simulation) |
| LED bulb (to show electricity) | Glue, tape, markers, paints, switches |
Working Principle (Step-by-Step Sections):
1. Thermal Generation (Boiler + Turbine):
- Simulate coal burning using red cotton or an orange LED inside a plastic bottle (boiler).
- Use a straw/pipe to show steam transfer to a turbine (fan blade on a DC motor).
- When motor spins, it powers an LED – showing electricity generation.
2. Generator to Transmission:
- Connect the motor to a battery or simulate power generation using manual switch.
- Run wires from the generator to mini electric poles (made from straws/chopsticks).
- Use string or thread to visually show transmission lines.
3. Distribution to Homes/Buildings:
- Lead wires to model houses or buildings with LED bulbs inside.
- When the switch is on, bulbs light up → shows distribution of electricity to end users.
Concepts to Explain:
- Energy transformation: Chemical → Thermal → Mechanical → Electrical
- Parts of a thermal plant: Boiler, Turbine, Generator, Transmission Lines, Homes
- Impact of thermal energy on environment and renewable alternatives