Introduction
The kidneys are vital organs of the human body that help in filtering waste products, excess salts, and extra water from the blood. They maintain the balance of electrolytes and help regulate blood pressure.
However, when the kidneys fail due to diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, infection, or injury, harmful waste starts accumulating in the blood. This condition is known as kidney failure.
To save the life of such patients, doctors use a medical process called hemodialysis. This process uses an artificial kidney machine to clean the blood outside the body.
This Hemodialysis Working Model (3D) demonstrates the same principle using syringes, pipes, and filters, without using any motor, making it safe and easy for school science exhibitions.
Aim of the Project
The aim of this project is:
- To explain the working of hemodialysis
- To demonstrate how an artificial kidney filters blood
- To show blood flow using manual syringes
- To create awareness about kidney health and dialysis
Need for Hemodialysis
Healthy kidneys remove:
- Urea and creatinine
- Extra salts
- Excess water
When kidneys fail:
- Toxic waste accumulates in blood
- Fluid balance is disturbed
- The patient may suffer from serious complications
Hemodialysis helps in:
- Removing waste materials
- Maintaining electrolyte balance
- Saving lives of kidney failure patients
Overview of the Hemodialysis Working Model
This model is a 3D representation of a dialysis machine and human blood circulation system.
It consists of:
- Syringes – to push and pull blood manually
- Transparent pipes – representing blood vessels
- Filter unit – representing dialyzer
- Colored water – representing impure blood
- Clean water container – representing dialysis fluid
- Base board – for support and labeling
The entire model works without electricity or motor, making it safe and easy to demonstrate.
Materials Used
- 2–3 large plastic syringes (without needles)
- Transparent IV tubes or plastic pipes
- Cotton, sponge, or filter paper
- Plastic bottle or syringe filter case
- Red food color (to represent blood)
- Clean water
- Cardboard or thermocol base
- Fevicol or hot glue
- Labels and chart paper
Construction of the Model
The model is constructed on a flat base.
- One syringe represents the blood pump (heart)
- Tubes connect the syringe to the dialyzer
- Dialyzer is made using a plastic container filled with filter layers
- Outlet tube carries filtered blood to another syringe
All parts are fixed securely and labeled properly.
Working Principle of Hemodialysis
The working of this model is based on:
- Diffusion – movement of waste from higher concentration to lower concentration
- Osmosis – movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
The dialyzer acts as a semi-permeable membrane, allowing waste to pass out while retaining blood cells.
Working of the Model
At the beginning, the syringe is filled with red-colored water, representing impure blood.
- When the syringe is pressed, impure blood flows through the pipe.
- The blood enters the dialyzer filter unit.
- Inside the dialyzer:
- Waste particles move out through the filter
- Clean blood continues through the pipe
- Filtered blood collects in the second syringe.
- This clean blood is ready to be sent back to the body.
The manual syringe movement clearly shows blood circulation and purification.
Dialyzer (Artificial Kidney)
The dialyzer is the most important part of hemodialysis.
In the model:
- It is made using cotton, sponge, or filter paper
- It separates waste from blood
- It works like a real artificial kidney
In real life:
- The dialyzer contains thousands of hollow fibers
- Blood flows inside fibers
- Dialysis fluid flows outside
- Waste diffuses out through the membrane
Conclusion
The Hemodialysis Working Model using syringes (3D) successfully demonstrates how an artificial kidney machine cleans blood when natural kidneys fail. By using simple materials and manual operation, the model explains a complex medical process in an easy and understandable way.
This project highlights the power of science and medical technology in improving human life. It also reminds us to take care of our kidneys through a healthy lifestyle.
“Artificial kidneys save lives when natural kidneys fail.”