Air Pollution and Its Effects (Impacts) Working Model – Making Steps | Science Project

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Here’s a step-by-step guide to make an Air Pollution and Its Effects Working Model easily at home or for your school science exhibition. This model demonstrates the causes, effects, and preventive measures of air pollution in a creative way.

Concept:

Air pollution is caused by harmful gases, smoke, and dust entering the atmosphere. It affects humans, plants, animals, and buildings and contributes to global warming and acid rain.

Materials Required:

  • Cardboard base or thermocol sheet
  • Small toy vehicles (cars, buses, bikes)
  • Cotton (to represent smoke)
  • Black and white chart paper
  • Plastic bottles or chimney tubes (for factories)
  • Paint and sketch pens
  • Small toy trees or paper cut-outs
  • LED lights (optional for decoration)
  • Glue, tape, and scissors
  • Labels for “Causes,” “Effects,” and “Solutions”

Step-by-Step Making Process:

Step 1: Prepare the Base
Take a large cardboard or thermocol sheet as the base. Divide it into two sections —
✅ Polluted Area
✅ Clean/Green Area

Step 2: Make the City Scene (Polluted Side)

  • Place small toy vehicles on one side to show traffic pollution.
  • Add cotton near vehicles to show smoke.
  • Use small cylindrical objects or bottles as factory chimneys.
  • Paste black paper smoke coming out of them.
  • You can paint the sky in grey or black shades to represent polluted air.

Step 3: Create the Clean Environment (Healthy Side)

  • On the other half, make a green city scene with trees, blue sky, and few vehicles.
  • Use green color to show clean surroundings.
  • Add solar panels or windmills made from chart paper to represent clean energy.

Step 4: Show the Effects of Air Pollution
Add small labeled boards or charts showing impacts like:

  • Breathing problems
  • Acid rain
  • Global warming
  • Damage to plants and animals
  • Ozone layer depletion

You can even draw these on small paper cut-outs for clarity.

Step 5: Add Solutions or Prevention Tips
Create another small board that says “Ways to Reduce Air Pollution” such as:

  • Planting trees
  • Using public transport
  • Reducing plastic burning
  • Using renewable energy

Step 6: Final Touch-Up
Decorate the edges, add title boards —
“AIR POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS”
Use LED lights to highlight both sides (red for polluted, green for clean).

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